Dioxygenase enzymes are known that contain heme iron, nonheme iron, copper, or manganese. 66 ,67 The substrates whose oxygenations are catalyzed by these enzymes are very diverse, as are the metal-binding sites; so probably several, possibly unrelated, mechanisms operate in these different systems, For many of these enzymes, there is not yet much detailed mechanistic information. However, some of the intradiol catechol dioxygenases isolated from bacterial sources have been studied in great detail, and both structural and mechanistic information is available. 66,67 These are the systems that will be described here.
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