Fiber is important to people who have diabetes for two reasons. First, fiber lowers the glycemic index and load of a food by adding bulk. In addition, soluble fibers promote the formation of gels in the stomach which slows the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. These effects lower the glycemic response of a food and contribute to better blood glucose management. Fiber consumption, particularly whole grains, seems to increase insulin sensitivity. This means that the level of circulating insulin will be lower throughout the day, which can lower the risk of heart disease (see Chapter 13). Lastly, fiber promotes satiety and can reduce total food consumption at a meal leading to less carbohydrate and fewer calories consumed. In turn, reducing the number of calories consumed
can promote weight loss in overweight people with diabetes, which is important as most are overweight, primarily those with type 2.
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